Research progress in protein-based hydrogels for promotion of hemostasis and wound healing / 中华创伤杂志

Rapid and effective hemostasis and wound healing are essential for life saving and improved quality of life. At present, traditional materials for hemostasis and wound healing have limited effects, with limitations such as unsatisfactory tissue adhesion effect, immunogenicity, secondary damage and infection risk, so it is urgent to develop new and efficient materials. Protein-based hydrogels have attracted more and more attention in the field of hemostasis and wound healing because of their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, injectability, adjustable mechanical properties and wet bonding. The authors review the definition of protein-based hydrogels and the research progress in various protein-based hydrogels in promotion of hemostasis and wound healing, in order to provide a reference for the application of protein-based hydrogels in wound repair.

Locust bean gum hydrogels are bioadhesive and improve indole-3-carbinol cutaneous permeation: influence of the polysaccharide concentration

Abstract The locust bean gum (LBG) is a polysaccharide with thickening, stabilizing and gelling properties and it has been used in the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations. Hydrogels (HGs) are obtained from natural or synthetic materials that present interesting properties for skin application. This study aimed to develop HGs from LBG using indole-3-carbinol (I3C) as an asset model for cutaneous application. HGs were prepared by dispersing LBG (2%, 3% and 4% w/v) directly in cold water. The formulations showed content close to 0.5 mg/g (HPLC) and pH ranging from 7.25 to 7.41 (potentiometry). The spreadability factor (parallel plate method) was inversely proportional to LBG concentration. The rheological evaluation (rotational viscometer) demonstrated a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow behavior (Ostwald De Weale model), which is interesting for cutaneous application. The HET-CAM evaluation showed the non-irritating characteristic of the formulations. The bioadhesive potential demonstrated bioadhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Permeation in human skin using Franz cells showed that the highest LBG concentration improved the skin distribution profile with greater I3C amounts in the viable skin layers. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of preparing HGs with LBG and the formulation with the highest polymer concentration was the most promising to transport active ingredients through the skin.

AGAR / CHITOSAN BLENDS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NOVEL HYDROGELS FOR PH SENSING, UREA ADSORPTION AND DYE ADSORPTION

Hydrogel posses a degree of flexibility very similar to natural tissues, due to their significant water content. Thus they find potential biomedical applications owing to their excellent bio-compatibility, bio degradability and non toxicity. The main highlight of the work is that it is taking naturally occurring polymers such as agar and Chitosan for the synthesis of hydrogel. Different compositions of Chitosan/Agar hydrogels were formulated and optimised with respect to pH sensing, Urea absorption and dye adsorption. Chitosan/Agar hydrogels are found to be suitable and a potential candidate for several agricultural and bio medical applications

Drug delivery systems for oral disease applications

Abstract There are many restrictions on topical medications for the oral cavity. Various factors affect the topical application of drugs in the oral cavity, an open and complex environment. The complex physical and chemical environment of the oral cavity, such as saliva and food, will influence the effect of free drugs. Therefore, drug delivery systems have served as supporting structures or as carriers loading active ingredients, such as antimicrobial agents and growth factors (GFs), to promote antibacterial properties, tissue regeneration, and engineering for drug diffusion. These drug delivery systems are considered in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical disease, the delivery of anesthetic drugs, etc. These carrier materials are designed in different ways for clinical application, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, films, and scaffolds. This review aimed to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different carrier materials. We discuss synthesis methods and their application scope to provide new perspectives for the development and preparation of more favorable and effective local oral drug delivery systems.

Hidrogel sobre material de fixação em cirurgias maxilofaciais / Hydrogel over synthesis material in maxillofacial surgeries

Introdução: O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar uma série de casos com o uso do hidrogel protetor em cirurgias maxilofaciais. Relato de caso: Cinco pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgias maxilofaciais diversas e uma camada de hidrogel impregnado com antibiótico recobriu o material de síntese. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sem restrição de idiomas e tempo de publicação, embora a literatura seja escassa sobre o tema pois trata-se de um produto recente, mas já registrado e liberado para uso nos órgãos competentes brasileiros. Considerações finais: O hidrogel protetor mostrou-se efetivo no tratamento e prevenção de infecções por biofilme e apresentou o efeito secundário inesperado de acelerar a reparação local, inclusive diminuindo o tempo de parestesia. É um produto com resultados promissores e, apesar de alguns estudos confirmarem a sua eficácia como antimicrobiano, futuros estudos são necessários para se avaliar a sua eficácia como acelerador de reparação... (AU)

Introduction: The present paper's objective is to report a series of cases using the protective hydrogel in maxillofacial surgeries. Case report: Five patients underwent several maxillofacial surgeries, and a hydrogel layer covered the synthesis material. A literature review was carried out without restriction of languages and publication time, although the literature is scarce because it is a recent product but already registered and released for use in brazilian competent agencies. Final considerations: The protective hydrogel helps treat and prevent biofilm infections and has the unexpected side effect of speeding up a local repair, including decreasing paresthesia. It is a product with promising results and, although some studies confirm its effectiveness as an antimicrobial, future studies are needed to evaluate its effectiveness as a repair accelerator... (AU)

Intranasal temperature-sensitive hydrogels of cannabidiol inclusion complex for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disease that seriously affects brain function. Currently, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat PTSD clinically but have decreased efficiency and increased side effects. In this study, nasal cannabidiol inclusion complex temperature-sensitive hydrogels (CBD TSGs) were prepared and evaluated to treat PTSD. Mice model of PTSD was established with conditional fear box. CBD TSGs could significantly improve the spontaneous behavior, exploratory spirit and alleviate tension in open field box, relieve anxiety and tension in elevated plus maze, and reduce the freezing time. Hematoxylin and eosin and c-FOS immunohistochemistry slides showed that the main injured brain areas in PTSD were the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus CA1. CBD TSGs could reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-

Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel formulations enhance the healing process in experimental partial-thickness (second-degree) burn wound healing

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to elaborate a hydrogel constituted by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and silver (Ag) and to evaluate its healing effect on partial-thickness burn wounds experimentally induced in rats. Methods CMC was obtained by chitosan reacting with monochloroacetic acid. The carboxymethylation was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphologicalcharacteristics of chitosan and CMC. After the experimental burn wound induction, the animals (n = 126) were treated with different CMC formulations, had their occlusive dressings changed daily and were followed through 7, 14 and 30 days. Morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic aspects and collagen quantification were evaluated. Results Significative wound contraction, granulation tissue formation, inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibers deposit throughout different phases of the healing process were observed in the CMC hydrogels treated groups. Conclusions The results showed that, in the initial phase of the healing process, the most adequate product was the CMC/HA/Ag association, while in the other phases the CMC/HA association was the best one to promote the healing of burn wounds.

Preparation and applications of the polymeric micelle/hydrogel nanocomposites as biomaterials / 生物医学工程学杂志

Polymeric hydrogels have been widely researched as drug delivery systems, wound dressings and tissue engineering scaffolds due to their unique properties such as good biocompatibility, shaping ability and similar properties to extracellular matrix. However, further development of conventional hydrogels for biomedical applications is still limited by their poor mechanical properties and self-healing properties. Currently, nanocomposite hydrogels with excellent properties and customized functions can be obtained by introducing nanoparticles into their network, and different types of nanoparticles, including carbon-based, polymer-based, inorganic-based and metal-based nanoparticle, are commonly used. Nanocomposite hydrogels incorporated with polymeric micelles can not only enhance the mechanical properties, self-healing properties and chemical properties of hydrogels, but also improve the

Application of supramolecular peptide self-assembly in biomedicine / 生物工程学报

In recent years, peptide self-assembly has received much attention because of its ability to form regular and ordered structures with diverse functions. Self-assembled peptides can form aggregates with defined structures under specific conditions. They show different characteristics and advantages (e.g., good biocompatibility and high stability) compared with monomeric peptides, which form the basis for potential application in the fields of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antiseptics. In this paper, the molecular mechanisms, types and influencing factors of forming self-assembled peptides were reviewed, followed by introducing the latest advances on fibrous peptide hydrogels and self-assembled antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives for peptide self-assembly technology were discussed.

Research Progress of Four-dimensional Hydrogels in Implantable Medical Devices / 中国医疗器械杂志

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology that combines science and engineering techniques. The term, "4D printing" was coined in 2013 and since then it has attracted a lot of interests due to its unique ability to have structural or functional transformations over time in response to external stimuli. The most important element of 4D printing is the responsive material. The recent progress research of hydrogels and related new technologies for 4D printing was summarized in the field of implanted medical devices at home and abroad in this paper. Then, it was pointed out the problems of responsive materials for 4D printing. Finally, it was prospected that the development of 4D printing technology in the field of implantable medical devices.

Preparation and application of DNA hydrogels: a review / 生物工程学报

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) not only serves as the material basis of biological inheritance, but also shows great potential in the development of novel biological materials due to its programmability, functional diversity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. DNA hydrogel is a three-dimensional mesh polymer material mainly formed by DNA. It has become one of the most interesting emerging functional polymer materials in recent years because of the perfect combination of the DNA biological properties that it retained and the mechanical properties of its own skeleton. At present, single- or multi-component DNA hydrogels developed based on various functional nucleic acid sequences or by combining different functional materials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine, molecular detection, and environmental protection. In this paper, the development of preparation methods and classification strategies of DNA hydrogels are summarized, and the applications of DNA hydrogels in drug delivery, biosensing and cell culture are also reviewed. Finally, the future development direction and potential challenges of DNA hydrogels are prospected.

Análisis del potencial de innovación en apósitos para tratar heridas crónicas en la ciudad de Lima, Perú / Analysis Of The Potential Of Innovation In Dressings To Treat Chronic Wounds In The City Of Lima, Peru

Objetivo: Analizar el potencial de innovación en apósitos para tratar heridas crónicas en la Ciudad de Lima. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo mediante una encuesta y análisis de las entrevistas realizadas a expertos médicos y gestores de compras en insumos para el tratamiento de heridas de difícil resolución en 8 instituciones representativas de salud pública con categorías 1 ­ 4 dentro de las 54 existentes solo en Lima Metropolitana, Perú - 2018. Resultados: Se determinó que en las instituciones de salud pública son atendidos un promedio 17 pacientes mensualmente (60% provenientes de hospitalización y 40% de consultorio externo). Equivale decir que 11,016 pacientes presentan heridas crónicas de difícil resolución al año, los cuales requerirán de tratamiento especializado y una demanda anual promedio de 110,160 apósitos en stock. Los apósitos con mayor demanda corresponden a los Hidrogeles e Hidrocoloides, respectivamente que son utilizados por los resultados positivos que ofrecen en la curación de las heridas, aunque en ocasiones la limitante es el aspecto económico. En el mercado, el precio unitario oscila entre los 20 y 90 soles, esto representa una inversión económica de 1500 soles en promedio por paciente, produciendo en algunos casos complicaciones o abandono del tratamiento cuando los recursos son escasos. Conclusiones: La demanda de pacientes con heridas crónicas de difícil resolución en las instituciones de salud públicas de Lima metropolitana es alta. Es importante promover e incentivar la investigación de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas y/o dispositivos biomédicos que favorezcan su curación.

Objective: To analyze the potential for innovation in dressings to treat chronic wounds in the City of Lima. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out by means of interviews to medical experts and purchasing managers of medical supplies for the treatment of difficult-to-resolve wounds in 8 representative public health institutions with categories 1-4 within the only 54 of Lima, Peru - 2018. Results: It was determined that an average of 17 patients is treated in public health institutions on a monthly basis (60% from hospitalization and 40% from an outpatient office). It is equivalent to say that 11,016 patients present chronic wounds of difficult resolution each year, which will require specialized treatment and an average annual demand of 110,160 dressings in stock. The dressings with the highest demand correspond to the Hydrogels and Hydrocolloids, respectively; used because of the positive results they offer in wound healing, despite economic limitations. The market price per unit ranges between 20 and 90 soles (S/.), representing an economic investment of 1500 soles on average per patient, in some cases causing complications or abandonment of treatment when resources are scarce. Conclusions: There is a high demand for patients with chronic wounds of difficult resolution in the public health institutions of Lima. It is important to promote and incentivize the investigation of new therapeutic alternatives and / or biomedical devices that favor its treatment.

Super Porous Hydrogels: A Review

Super porous hydrogels (SPHs) basically developed initially create as a novel drug delivery system to absorb and continue to hold the drugs in the gastric medium which allows absorption in stomach and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. These systems get swollen in the stomach instantly and in the harsh stomach environment they maintain their integrity, while the pharmaceutical active ingredient is being released. Instant and fast swelling property of hydrogel is based on water absorption through open porous structure by capillary force. SPHs have the poor mechanical strength which has got over by developing the second-generation SPH composites (SPHCs) and the third-generation SPH hybrids (SPHHs). The present review has been focused on the preparation, characterization and application of SPHs

Determination of structural properties in the adsorption of drugs on chitosan-hydrogels for type 2 diabetes by means of the PM6 method / Determinación de propiedades estructurales en la adsorción de fármacos en hidrogeles de quitosano para diabetes tipo 2 mediante el método PM6 / Determinação das propriedades estruturais en adsorção de drogas em hidrogelos de quitosan para diabetes do tipo 2 pelo método PM6

Abstract Computational chemistry performs the modeling and calculation of physicochemical properties that allow understanding of the different molecular interactions at the nanometric scale in medical applications such as the design of controlled release systems. The PM6 model was used to analyze metformin and glibenclamide. First, the energy properties as the Gibbs free energy and enthalpies were obtained. The results showed the affinity of both drugs with water (glibenclamide: -7.96 and metformin: -11.49) due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, which were verified by the electronegativities corresponding to the dipole moment and to the partition coefficient (Log P). Subsequently, the main properties for the design of a release system using the metformin/glibenclamide complex in the chitosan hydrogel were determined. In this process it was appreciated that the Gibbs free energy (-2157.60 kcal/ mol) determined the thermodynamic stability of the adsorption. In addition, the Log P (-25.82) indicated an instantaneous solubility through the formation of hydrogen bonds and were verified by the electronic distribution and the change in dipole moment.

Resumen La química computacional realiza el modelado y el cálculo de propiedades fisicoquímicas que permiten comprender las diferentes interacciones moleculares a escala nanométrica en aplicaciones médicas como el diseño de sistemas de liberación controlada, por ejemplo. El modelo PM6 se utilizó para analizar metformina y glibenclamida. Primero se obtuvieron las propiedades energéticas como la energía libre de Gibbs y las entalpias. Los resultados mostraron la afinidad de ambos fármacos con el agua (glibenclamide: -7,96 y metformina: -11,49) debido a la formación de enlaces de hidrógeno que fueron verificados por las electronegatividades correspondientes al momento dipolar y al coeficiente de partición (Log P). Posteriormente, se determinaron las principales propiedades para el diseño de un sistema de liberación que usa el complejo metformina/glibenclamida en el hidrogel de quitosano. En este proceso se apreció que la energía libre de Gibbs (-2157,60 kcal/mol) determinó la estabilidad termodinámica de la adsorción. Además, el Log P (-25,82) indicó una solubilidad instantánea a través de la formación de enlaces de hidrógeno y se verificó mediante la distribución electrónica y el cambio en el momento dipolar.

Resumo A química computacional realiza a modelagem e o cálculo das propriedades físico-químicas que permitem compreender as diferentes interações moleculares em escala nanométrica em aplicações médicas, como o projeto de sistemas de liberação controlada. O modelo PM6 é usado para analisar metformina e glibenclamida. Primeiro, obtenha as propriedades energéticas como a energia livre de Gibbs e as entalpias. Os resultados mostram a afinidade de ambos os componentes com água (glibenclamida: -7.96 e forma: -11.49) debitados na forma de ligações de hidrogénio, que verificam por eletronegatividades correspondentes no momento dipolar e coeficiente de participação (Log P). Posteriormente, selecione as principais propriedades para o projeto de um sistema de liberação que usa o método completo/glibenclamida no hidrogel de quitosano. Neste processo, aprecie a energia livre de Gibbs (-2157.60 kcal/mol) que determina a estabilidade termodinâmica da adsorção. Além disso, o Log P (-25.82) indica uma solução instantânea para a passagem de forma de hidrogénio e é verificada usando a distribuição eletrônica e o câmbio no momento dipolar.

An Eight-Week In Vivo Study on the Clinical Signs of Systemic Toxicity and Bone Regenerative Performance of Composites Containing Beta Tricalcium Phosphate, Hydrogel and Melatonin in Adult New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

@#Introduction: Melatonin (MEL) loaded alginate-chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate (Alg-CH/β-TCP) composite hydrogel has been formulated as a scaffold for bone regeneration. MEL in the scaffold was anticipated to accelerate bone regeneration. The objective of this study is to observe signs of systemic toxicity and physical changes on surface defected bone for bone regenerative performance of the composite. Methods: The proximal-medial metaphyseal cortex of the left tibia of New Zealand white rabbit was the surgical site of the defect. A total of nine rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups; Group I; implanted with MEL loaded Alg-CH/β-TCP, Group II; Alg-CH/β-TCP and Group III defects were sham control. The rabbits were daily observed to determine systemic toxicity effects by composites. The physical changes to implanted site were observed using digital x-ray radiography and computerized tomography at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 of post-implantation. Results: There were no clinical signs of systemic toxicity for all groups of rabbits. Digital radiography did not show adverse effects to the bone. Computerized tomography showed reduction in the area size and depth volume of the implantation site, but accelerated regeneration within the 8 weeks was not significantly different (P<0.05) between the groups. Conclusion: Overall, the study suggests that Alg-CH/β-TCP composite scaffolds with and without the addition of MEL are compatible to bone. The composite scaffolds reduced the area size and depth volume of the implanted site within the 8-week duration. However, no remarkable difference in the accelerated reduction of area size and depth volume was observed.

The treatment of chronic eczema in mice by matrine hydrogels / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To prepare and characterize the matrine-loaded poloxamer hydrogels and explore their therapeutic effect on chronic eczema in mice. Methods: The matrine hydrogels were prepared with poloxamer 407 and 188 as matrix. The viscoelasticity of the matrine hydrogels was characterized by rheometer. The ear swelling and weight difference were tested, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were detected by ELISA method. The histopathological change of mouse ear tissues was examined via HE-staining, and the immunohistochemical examination was performed to detect the protease-activated re-ceptor-2(PAR-2)expression in mouse ear. These assays were performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of matrine hydrogels on chronic eczema in mice. Results: The matrine hydrogels had good fluidity and spreadability, and rapidly formed a transparent, viscous uniform hydrogel at the skin temperature. Compared with the normal group, the ear weight difference and swelling degree were significantly increased(P<0.05)at the 3, 5 and 10 days after the establishment of the chronic eczema model. Compared with the model group, the ear weight difference and swelling degree were reduced significantly in the martrine hydrogel group(P<0.01), and the serum TNF-α and IL-6 level(P<0.01)and the PAR-2 expression in the chronic eczema tissue(P<0.01, P<0.05)were both significantly decreased in the martrine hydrogel group. Conclusion: Martrine hydrogels could inhibit the inflammatory infiltration of dermal layer and the epidermal layer damage caused by chronic eczema, which are expected to be a good topical gel preparation for treating chronic eczema of skin.

Research progress of scaffolds for promoting the vascularization of regenerated dental pulp / 口腔疾病防治

@#Endothelial regeneration is a research hotspot in the field of dental pulp. The regeneration of endodontic blood flow is the bottleneck of dental pulp regeneration, and the applied scaffold material is the key to revascularization. Stent materials were reviewed. The literature review Results show that, depending on the source of the stent material used for endodontic revascularization, there are mainly natural, synthetic and composite materials. The natural scaffold materials used for vascular regeneration include chitosan, hyaluronic acid, bacterial cellulose, and proanthocyanidin; artificial scaffold materials include hydrogel, cryogel, and electrospinning. The bionic composite scaffold system with a double-layer tubular structure is low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility. Studies on the scaffold materials of bionic extracellular matrix, such as injectable hydrogels/microspheres, have promoted the development of dental pulp regeneration, that is, uniformly distributed scaffold materials in the root canal promote the generation of pulp-like tissue; Whether dental pulp tissue can establish effective blood circulation through the apical foramen remains a great challenge.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/potato peel powder-based hydrogel and its in vitro antimicrobial activity

The present work was designed to incorporating the properties of potato peel (PP) (Solanum tuberosum) in wound carewith chitosan to make a hydrogel that is superior, cheaper, biocompatible, and enabling faster healing. Chitosan and PPpowder-based hydrogel was synthesized with acetic acid as the solvent medium and Gluteraldehyde as the cross linker.The prepared hydrogel was characterized and tested using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infraredanalysis, swelling test, and antimicrobial activity test. The results of the present study demonstrated that the preparedhydrogel showed significant antimicrobial activity with effective swellability, structural, and surface characteristics.Based on the characterization studies, it is concluded that the synthesized hydrogel had shown better characteristicsand can be used as a promising material for wound healing applications.

Formulation And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Face Scrubber For Oily Skin In Gel Form

Cosmetics play a vital role for everyone to have a joyful and sanguine life. In present scenario herbal cosmeceuticals have more demand because they have no side effects. People having oily skin suffer from acne, whiteheads and blackheads quite often so scrubbing become more essential. In our present study we formulated 3 different formulations F1, F2, F3 in gel form for oily skin by using turmeric, aloe vera, cinnamon, potato starch, activated charcoal powder, honey, green tea, lemon juice, onion, walnut shell, coconut oil, beet root juice powder, sodium lauryl sulphate, water and evaluated by using various parameters such as physical appearance, viscosity, pH, Spreadability, irritability, washability, stability studies and got fruitful results with all the tests. The scrub F2 was found to show excellent effects on controlling oil secretion, and preventing formation of new pimples. The herbal formulation F2 was having characteristic odour, reddish brown in color having, light, non-irritant to the skin and quite elegant. The powder was smooth to touch and in gel form it spreads satisfactorily. Thus, the formulated scrub F2 can be utilized efficaciously without a side effect which exfoliates and makes glowing skin.

Preparation and Characterization of Macroporous Hydrogels from Copolymers Networks

New hydrogels based on (MAA) and (NVP) copolymers crosslinked with (BAA), were prepared by free radical cross-linkingcopolymerization, with a NVP percent molar composition of 10, 47.5 and 85. These hydrogels have been characterized by(FTIR), (SEM), (TGA /DSC) coupling. The results show four steps of degradation. The degradation rate is inverselyproportional to the mole percent of NVP, and SEM shows that the hydrogels have a pore size between 7.14 to 13.33 μm.